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Paraquat formulations

Production and Market of Paraquat in China

Report edition: 2012 edition(4)
Finished time: Jun. 2012
Document type: PDF
Total pages: 85
Language version: English
Published by CCM

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Main contents
Introduction
Executive summary
List of tables
List of figures

Main contents:

(The price of report chapters below is for single user license, please contact us if you want to update to corporate license.)

No.	Content	Page	Price
	Executive summary	1	USD 400
	Introduction and methodology	4	USD 80
1	Introduction to paraquat industry in China	7	USD 800
1-1	Overview of herbicide industry	7	USD 480
1-2	Position of paraquat in herbicide industry	11	USD 480
2	Paraquat upstream industry	13	USD 2,400
2-1	Brief introduction to raw materials involved in paraquat production	13	USD 480
2-2	Introduction to major raw materials of paraquat	13	USD 2,000
2-2-1	Pyridine	13	USD 1,440
2-2-2	Methyl chloride	19	USD 640
2-2-3	Impact of raw materials on paraquat industry	20	USD 400
3	Paraquat Industry	21	USD 5,600
3-1	Development history of paraquat in China	21	USD 640
3-2	Production technology of paraquat in China	23	USD 1,200
3-2-1	Brief introduction to different methods	23	USD 400
3-2-1-1	Cyanide method	23	USD 240
3-2-1-1-1	Ammoniacal-cyanide (AC) process
3-2-1-1-2	Methanol-cyanide (MC) process
3-2-1-2	Other paraquat production methods	26	USD 240
3-2-2	Comparison of different paraquat production methods	27	USD 400
3-2-3	Production cost	28	USD 400
3-2-4	Current technology level	29	USD 400
3-2-5	Current research status	30	USD 400
3-3	Registration situation of paraquat in China	32	USD 640
3-4	Supply situation of paraquat in China, 2008-2011	34	USD 2,000
3-4-1	Overall situation of paraquat technical	34	USD 1,440
3-4-1-1	Production situation	34	USD 720
3-4-1-2	Paraquat technical manufacturers	35	USD 960
3-4-2	Overall situation of paraquat formulations	37	USD 800
3-5	Circulation	38	USD 2,000
3-5-1	Prices of paraquat technical and formulations in China, 2008-H1 2012	38	USD 800
3-5-2	Import and export of paraquat technical and formulations, 2008-Q1 2012	40	USD 1,600
3-6	Demand for paraquat in China	53	USD 1,440
3-6-1	Consumption pattern of paraquat technical, 2008-2011	53	USD 400
3-6-2	Summary of domestic paraquat market (volume and value)	54	USD 640
3-6-3	Consumption of paraquat in China	55	USD 800
3-6-3-1	Share by regions	55	USD 560
3-6-3-2	Share by crops	56	USD 560
4	Forecast on paraquat industry in China	58	USD 1,200
4-1	Key factors influencing paraquat industry in China	58	USD 800
4-1-1	Policy	58	USD 320
4-1-2	Research of non-liquid formulations	61	USD 320
4-1-3	Use habit	62	USD 320
4-1-4	Supply & demand	63	USD 320
4-1-5	Safety	63	USD 320
4-2	Future forecast on paraquat industry, 2012-2016	64	USD 560
5	Conclusion and commercial opportunities	66	USD 560
6	Appendix:	68	USD 1,200
6-1	Profile of major paraquat technical manufacturers in China	68	USD 1,040
6-1-1	Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Company Limited	68	USD 80
6-1-2	Nanjing Redsun Group Co., Ltd.	69	USD 80
6-1-3	Hubei Sanonda Co., Ltd.	69	USD 80
6-1-4	Shandong Luba Chemical Co., Ltd.	70	USD 80
6-1-5	Shandong Lvfeng Pesticide Co., Ltd.	71	USD 80
6-1-6	Shandong Kexin Biochemical Co., Ltd.	72	USD 80
6-1-7	Zhejiang Yongnong Chem. Ind. Co., Ltd.	73	USD 80
6-1-8	Hubei Xianlong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.	74	USD 80
6-1-9	Shandong Qiaochang Chemical Co., Ltd.	74	USD 80
6-1-10	Shijiazhuang Jitai Sanmu Chemical Co., Ltd.	75	USD 80
6-1-11	Hebei Taoyuan Pesticide Co., Ltd.	76	USD 80
6-1-12	Shijiazhuang Baofeng Chemical Co., Ltd.	76	USD 80
6-1-13	Shandong Dacheng Pesticide Co., Ltd.	77	USD 80
6-2	Profile of pyridine manufacturers in China	78	USD 400
6-2-1	Nantong Reilly Chemical Co., Ltd.	78	USD 80
6-2-2	Nanjing Redsun Co., Ltd.	78	USD 80
6-2-3	Shandong Luba Chemical Co., Ltd.	78	USD 80
6-2-4	Tangshan Chenhong Industrial Co., Ltd.	79	USD 80
6-2-5	Weifang Oliver Green Chemical Co., Ltd.	79	USD 80
6-2-6	Hubei Sanonda Co., Ltd.	80	USD 80
6-2-7	Shandong Tianyuansen Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.	80	USD 80

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Description:

Paraquat, a broad-spectrum non-selective herbicide widely used to kill unwanted plants both in agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes, has been in a leading position in the world's herbicides in the past few years. It is the second largest herbicide in terms of consumption volume (calculated by 42% TK), only behind glyphosate.

China’s paraquat industry has developed rapidly in recent years, with technical output growing with a CAGR of over 20% during 2006-2010. However, the annual growth rate drops sharply in 2011. What is the reason of the slowed-down growth rate? What is the development trend in the future? China’s paraquat industry is under intense competition. Will China's production of paraquat further concentrate in the future? What kind of enterprises will hold dominant positions in China's paraquat production?

China is a major paraquat export country, and over 80% of its paraquat output is exported to counties all over the world. Where are the paraquat products exported to? What’s the trend of overseas demand? Will the export market of paraquat in China continue enlarging in the future years?

In order to ensure safe production and use of paraquat in domestic market, Chinese government has issued a notice to take restrictive management measures on paraquat, namely Notice No. 1745. What kind of effect will it have on China’s paraquat industry? How is the reaction of paraquat suppliers in China?

This report, based on CCM International’s five-year research experience in China’s paraquat industry and its upstream sectors, will provide in-depth analysis on China’s current paraquat industry and future trends, in terms of governmental policies, technology innovation, waste treatment, export situation, raw material supply, pricing, etc. With wider perspective, this edition of paraquat report will provide you with CCM International’s primary intelligence.

Penetrating into China’s paraquat market, this report not only updates all the data needed to June 2012, but also strengthens the following aspects:

• All the data related to paraquat industry in the past have been updated with high accuracy;
• The differences between different regions and crops are focused more in the survey of domestic consumption of paraquat in this edition compared with the previous edition, so the results are much closer to the truth.

What can you benefit from this report?

As China’s paraquat has been playing a crucial role in global market and its eye-catching performance under current global financial crisis will continue in the future, investment opportunities do exist in Chinese market. With CCM International’s insight into this industry, the updated report will provide much more useful information to the senior executives and decision makers who are seeking for investment opportunities within the industry.

What’s more, this report, covering the whole industrial chain of paraquat, will also provide useful information to the upstream producers, as it has analyzed raw material production and supply situation in detail, thus bringing unexpected benefits to those players.

Executive summary:

China's herbicide industry has developed rapidly in recent years, reflected by the sharply increasing output and enriching varieties. China has become one of the major herbicide suppliers in the world. The country's herbicide output is estimated to have reached XXX tonnes in 2011, ranking the first around the world.

As a non-selective herbicide and with so many years' promotion, paraquat has witnessed fast development in the past decades in China, and it has been playing an increasingly important role in the weed control of orchards, corn fields, no-tillage fields and mulberry fields in China.
Production

China is the largest paraquat technical and formulation manufacturer in the world. As of May 2012, its paraquat technical capacity has reached XXX t/a, maintaining the oversupply situation. The output of paraquat technical is XXX tonnes in 2011 with the operating rate of XXX %, compared with XXX % in the previous year.

According to CCM International's survey, the output of China's paraquat formulations (calculated by 200g/L AS, similarly hereinafter) has grown very fast from XXX tonnes in 2006 to XXX tonnes in 2010, mainly attributed to the rapid growth of domestic and overseas demand for paraquat during this period. However, domestic formulations' output drops to XXX tonnes in 2011, mainly due to the sharp drop of the export volume of paraquat formulations.

 Manufacturer

There are XXX active paraquat technical manufacturers in China in 2011, XXX of which have suspended production in 2012. Domestic paraquat technical capacity mainly concentrates in Shandong, Jiangsu and Hubei, with their output accounting for around XXX % of domestic total in 2011.

Major paraquat manufacturers include Nantong Syngenta (XXX t/a), Redsun Group (XXX t/a), Hubei Sanonda (XXX t/a), etc.

 Price

The ex-work price of paraquat 42% TK increased from 2006 to 2008 and then it dropped from 2008 to 2010, after hitting a record high of USD XXX /t in August 2008 thanks to the increasing demand and high raw material cost. Affected by the global financial crisis and intense competition among domestic manufacturers, paraquat price began to drop after August 2008. Its technical's ex-work price has slipped to USD XXX /t in September 2010, and maintains at a relative stable price during 2010-H1 2012.

With the development of pyridine industry both in domestic and overseas market, the price of pyridine is declining since 2008, and the impact of pyridine's supply on paraquat price is becoming weaker. It is estimated that prices of paraquat technical and formulations will continue to keep stable in the short term and may increase in the long run because of increasing overseas demand for herbicides in the future.

 Export

A large proportion of paraquat technical produced in China is exported, accounting for about XXX % of its total output in 2011. China is the largest paraquat supplier in the world, with a total export volume of both paraquat technical and formulations of about XXX tonnes (calculated by 42% TK, similarly hereinafter) in 2011.

Thailand is the largest export destination of Chinese paraquat technical by volume in 2011, followed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The export destination of Chinese paraquat technical is relatively concentrated, as the total export volume of these top three countries has taken up XXX % of the total export volume in 2011. Chinese paraquat formulations are mainly exported to Nigeria, Ghana, Vietnam, etc.

 Technology

As of May 2012, only cyanide method is adopted by Chinese paraquat technical manufacturers. According to different solvents used, cyanide methods can be classified into three types of processes, including ammonia-cyanide (AC) process, methanol-cyanide (MC) process and water-cyanide (WC) process.

WC process has been eliminated in China due to its lack of competitiveness compared with the other two processes. Among the XXX active paraquat technical manufacturers in China, XXX adopt AC process and XXX adopt MC process at present. Production capacity adopting AC process and MC process are XXX t/a and XXX t/a in 2011, respectively.

AC process is the most advanced technology for paraquat technical production at present. It has been developing rapidly since Syngenta developed it in the 1990s, thanks to its higher yield rate, better product quality, environmentally friendliness and relatively small investment required.

 Demand

Most paraquat (including technical and formulations) produced in China is for export, which takes up over XXX % of the total output during 2009-2011. Both domestic and overseas demand for paraquat is increasing rapidly in recent years. China's paraquat consumption has been increasing in recent few years with the rising domestic demand.

In China, over XXX % of paraquat technical is exported, and the rest is used to produce paraquat formulations, mainly paraquat 200g/L AS. Domestic apparent consumption of paraquat formulations has increased from around XXX tonnes in 2008 to XXX tonnes (calculated by 200g/L AS) in 2011.

In China, paraquat formulations are mainly consumed in XXX and XXX, with their consumption volume taking up more than XXX % of China's total consumption volume in 2011.

List of tables:

Table No.	Table Title
Table 1.1-1	Classifications of herbicides in China, 2011
Table 1.2-1	Output and consumption of paraquat and related shares in herbicides in China, 2006-2011
Table 2.2.1-1	Pure pyridine manufacturers in China, as of May 2012 (Capacity: t/a; Output: tonne)
Table 2.2.1-2	Import volume and price of pyridine by month in China, 2008-Q1 2012
Table 2.2.1-3	Import volume and price of pyridine by origin in China, 2008-Q1 2012
Table 2.2.1-4	Market situation of pyridine in China, 2008-2011, tonne
Table 2.2.1-5	Situation of pyridine's downstream industries in China, 2008-2011
Table 2.2.2-1	Major chloride methane manufacturers in China, 2006-2011, '000t/a
Table 3.2.1.2-1	Reaction temperatures of sodium metal methods in paraquat production
Table 3.2.2-1	Comparison of pollutant discharge between AC process and MC process, 2010
Table 3.2.3-1	Unit consumption of pyridine in paraquat's production in China, 2011
Table 3.2.3-2	Manufacturing cost of paraquat 42% TK by AC process in China, March 2012
Table 3.3-1	Valid registrations of paraquat in China, as of May 2012
Table 3.3-2	Valid registrations of paraquat technical in China, as of May 2012
Table 3.3-3	Registrations of paraquat formulations in China, as of May 2012
Table 3.4.1.2-1	Production status of paraquat technical manufacturers in China, as of May 2012
Table 3.4.1.2-2	Production situation of paraquat technical manufacturers in China, 2008-May 2012, capacity: t/a, output: t
Table 3.4.1.2-3	Production status of paraquat technical manufacturers in China, 2011
Table 3.4.2-1	Production situation of paraquat formulations in China, 2006-2011, tonne
Table 3.5.2-1	Change of paraquat HS code in China, before and after 2007
Table 3.5.2-2	Export situation of paraquat, 2008 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-3	Export situation of paraquat, 2009 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-4	Export situation of paraquat, 2010 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-5	Export situation of paraquat, 2011 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-6	Export situation of paraquat, Q1 2012 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-7	Export destinations of paraquat, 2008 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-8	Export destinations of paraquat, 2009 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-9	Export destinations of paraquat, 2010 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-10	Export destinations of paraquat, 2011 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-11	Export destinations of paraquat, Q1 2012 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-12	Export situation of paraquat manufacturers, 2008 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-13	Export situation of paraquat manufacturers, 2009 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-14	Export situation of paraquat manufacturers, 2010 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-15	Export situation of paraquat manufacturers, 2011 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-16	Export situation of paraquat manufacturers, Q1 2012 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-17	Main exporters of paraquat, 2008 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-18	Main exporters of paraquat, 2009 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-19	Main exporters of paraquat, 2010 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-20	Main exporters of paraquat, 2011 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 3.5.2-21	Main exporters of paraquat, Q1 2012 (Quantity: tonne; Price: USD/kg; Value: USD)
Table 4.1.1-1	Restricted pesticides in Pesticide Production Entrance Conditions (draft) [2009]

List of figures:

Figure No.	Figure Title
Figure 1.1-1	Output and share of herbicide technical in pesticides in China, 1994-2011
Figure 1.1-2	Output structure of pesticide production in China, 2011
Figure 1.1-3	Output and demand of herbicides in China, 2006-2011
Figure 1.1-4	Output structure of main herbicide products in China, 2011
Figure 1.1-5	Output structure of main herbicide products in China, 2008
Figure 1.1-6	Domestic consumption volume of major herbicides, 2008-2011
Figure 1.2-1	Consumption structure of major herbicides in China by volume, 2011
Figure 2.2.1-1	Import volume and price of pyridine in China, 2008-Q1 2012
Figure 2.2.1-2	Ex-work price of pyridine in China, 2004-H1 2012
Figure 2.2.2-1	Domestic output of chloride methane in China, 2006-2011
Figure 2.2.2-2	Ex-work price of methyl chloride in China, 2007-2011
Figure 3.2.1.1.1-1	Flowchart of paraquat AC process
Figure 3.2.1.1.2-1	Chemical principle of paraquat's methanol-cyanide (MC) process
Figure 3.2.1.2-1	Chemical principle of paraquat's sodium metal method
Figure 3.2.1.2-2	Chemical principle of paraquat's acetic anhydride-zinc method
Figure 3.2.1.2-3	Chemical reaction equation of paraquat's ZnSO4 method
Figure 3.4.1.1-1	Production situation of paraquat technical in China, 2006-2011
Figure 3.5.1-1	Ex-work price of pyridine and paraquat technical in China, 2008-H1 2012
Figure 3.5.1-2	Ex-work price of paraquat in China, 2008-H1 2012
Figure 3.5.2-1	Export volume and price of paraquat, 2008-Q1 2012
Figure 3.6.1-1	Consumption pattern of paraquat technical (calculated by 42% TK) in China, 2003-2011
Figure 3.6.2-1	Consumption volume and market value of paraquat in China, 2006-2011
Figure 3.6.3.1-1	Consumption structure of paraquat by regions in China, 2011
Figure 3.6.3.2-1	Consumption situation of paraquat by crops in China, 2008-2011
Figure 3.6.3.2-2	Consumption structure of paraquat by crops in China, 2011
Figure 3.6.3.2-3	Consumption structure of paraquat by crops in orchard in China, 2011
Figure 4.2-1	Forecast on domestic demand for paraquat (calculated by 42% TK) by volume, 2012-2016
Figure 4.2-2	Forecast on export volume of paraquat (calculated by 42% TK) in China, 2012-2016
Figure 4.2-3	Forecast on domestic output of paraquat technical (calculated by 42% TK), 2012-2016

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Production and Market of Paraquat in China

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