7-ACA Production & Market in China
- A Preliminary Study
Released
Date: June 2006
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Researched & Prepared by:
Guangzhou CCM Chemicals Co., Ltd.
Guangzhou, P. R. China
Updated in October 2003
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Content
-
The commercial production of
7-ACA in China started from 1999.
-
There are 4 active
manufacturers in China. Shijiazhuang Zhongrun is most active in both production
and export. Other active producers include Harbin Pharmaceutical, Fujian
Fukang, Shandong Lukang (LKPC Luyuan).
-
The total capacity of 7-ACA by
2003 is claimed to be 2,300MT/year.
-
The production in 2002 is claimed
to be around 868MT.
-
The import quantity and export
quantity in 2001 is 334MT and 44MT, respectively. Korea and Austria are main
supplying countries in the import business.
-
The import & export
quantity in 2002 is 362MTs and 67MTs, respectively.
Though started to do research on the production of 7-ACA in 1980s,
China has not grasped the technology of these intermediates until 1999. During
this time a vast amount of capital had been spent on the import materials. It
is also in these years that China has seen the great achievement in the
development of bulk cephalosporin pharmaceuticals. Thus the short supply of
7-ACA has become the bottleneck for the further development of cephalosporin
industry.
However the great improvement on the production technology and the
sound steps toward the development of these intermediates in the past years
have no wonder showed to the world a clear message that Chinese production is
growing up and should not be neglected as in the past.
In fact, in the past years, Chinese manufacturers already got
success to export 7-ACA to India. No doubt that Chinese 7-ACA will share more
market in the future. Anyway the Chinese ability has been enhanced in the past
years and will continue to enhance in the future. This is obvious after China
has entered the WTO.
As the 7-ACA is relatively new comparing with other chemicals, there
has not been comprehensive report in regard to the market situation of these
intermediates in China.
It is under this circumstance that Guangzhou CCM Chemicals Co., Ltd.
carried out a systematic study on the 7-ACA industry in China.
The aim of this report is:
-
To outline the Chinese 7-ACA industry from
aspects of production, import & export.
-
To summarize & introduce the Chinese 7-ACA
manufacturers
-
To introduce the research situation on the
above intermediates in China
-
To evaluate the competitiveness of Chinese
7-ACA industry
-
To summarize the cephalosporin industry in
brief
…… (Omitted)
The major part of this report is to of 7-ACA industry, each of which
has been discussed separately. The research situation on these intermediates in
China has also been introduced. The situations of cephalosporins that are
relative to these intermediates have been introduced in brief.
The information in this report is dated to September 2003.
- National Plan
Sixth-Five-Year:1981-1985
Seventh-Five-year:1986-1990
Eighth-Five-Year: 1991-1995
Ninth-Five-Year: 1996-2000
Tenth-Five-Year: 2001-2005
Penicillin G: benzyl penicillin
- Unit:
1USD=8.27RMB
USD: US dollar
RMB: currency unit in China, also called Yuan
MT: metric ton
-
Superficial Consumption
The superficial consumption equals to: production + import – export.
It is one of factors reflecting the demand, which excludes storage quantity. As
the storage quantity of 7-ACA are quite small, in this report we roughly assume
that superficial consumption means the actual consumption, also means the
demand.
- Ownership
-
State owned
The whole asset of a
factory/company is invested and owned by the local/central government.
-
Stock
The company is managed
in form of stock company. It may/may not listed in the Stock Market. But the
management must comply with the rule of stock company.
-
Joint venture
Foreign company and
Chinese company invest together in the entity. The two or more cooperating partners
share the profit on mutual benefit. The Chinese partner maybe an individual or
a state owned unit.
- Foreign/Oversea
Anything or
any activity pertaining to individual/unit coming from territories outside
Mainland, P. R. China. E.g.,
foreign company refers to a company locating in a country outside Mainland
China.
I. Production & Market Information
I-1
Brief Introduction to Cephalosporins in China
China started the research on
cephalosporins since 1960s. In 1970 China first got success in the production
of cefoxitin (cephalothin).
Generally China is weak in the
production of cephalosporins raw.
Large market is shared by foreign companies, who convert preparation by their
own cephalosporins raw.
There are three generations for
cephalosporins products:
-
the
first generation: cefalexin, cephradine, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephaloridine,
cefazolien, cephalothin
-
the
second generation: cefmandole, cefuroxime, cefoxitin
-
the
third generation: cefotaxine, cefapirin, ceftazidine, ceftriaxone,
cefoperazone, cefodizime, cefsulodin, moxatactam
In China the study on
cephalosporins started from 1960s.
The first cephalosporin was cephlothin, putting into commercial
production in 1970. There are 22 kinds of cephalosporins are
allowed to produce and sale in China. By 1998, China could produce 9 kinds of
cephalosporins, 5 of them belong to the first generation and 4 belong to the
third generation. The total
production of cephalosporins turned
from 152.555 tons in 1996 to 413.120 tons in 1998. Large part of cephalosporins are
cefazolin sodium, cefalexin and cefradine.
There are no commercial products of the second generation.
The most active manufacturer of
cephalosporins in China include Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.
and Harbin Pharmaceutical Factory. Shandong Xinhua joint with a Germany company
to develop cephalosporins. It is
reported that after production enlargement in 1996, their capacity turned from
14 tons to 50 tons. By 1998 their
capacity of cephalosporins reached 200 tons.
-
Chinese
government pays attention to develop cephalosporin. In recent years, cephalosporins has been
developed much faster than penicillins and non-typical b-lactams.
The production percentage has go up from 0.44% (on base of the total
antibiotics) in 1996 to 1.17% in 1999.
The number of cephalosporin raw manufacturers are increasing in the
recently year.
China authorities approve 22 kinds of cephalosporins antibiotics allowed
to used for clinic purpose, 8 of whose raw materials can be made in China. The
production scale of bulk raw materials can not meet the demand from China. This
is especially obvious for the third generation cephalosporins. Every year China
has to import large quantity of the third generation cephalosporins, either
bulk materials or preparations.
Recent years, with the
break-through of production technology of 7-ACA and 7-ADCA, the production of
cephalosporins has been increasing significantly. This becomes quite obvious
since 1988.
Though the present production of
7-ACA and 7-ADCA is not large, it signs a great challenge to the oversea
producers. The market of cephalosporin becomes competitive in the future.
Table I-1-1 Production of cephalosporins (bulk material) in 1999 and
2002 (Unit: MT)
|
Name |
Production in 1999 |
Production in 2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 cap. |
|
Cephalexin |
204.083 |
232.467 |
222.258 |
330.814 |
990.000 |
|
Cefazolin sodium |
239.220 |
330.971 |
493.145 |
587.73 |
813.000 |
|
Cefradine |
171.299 |
466.859 |
844.104 |
1181.91 |
1,367.000 |
|
Ceftazidime |
0.009 |
0.000 |
1.069 |
19.269 |
N/A |
|
Ceftriaxone |
23.742 |
57.393 |
177.173 |
378.607 |
160.000 |
|
Cefaclor |
0.006 |
0.000 |
0.808 |
0.873 |
N/A |
|
Cefadroxil |
19.195 |
55.074 |
68.264 |
58.327 |
480.000 |
|
Cefotaxime sodium |
42.355 |
90.197 |
109.758 |
313.661 |
159.400 |
|
Cefathiamide |
0.25 |
0.82 |
1.125 |
1.864 |