Camphor
Production & Market in China
-- A
Preliminary Study
Released Date: June 2006
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Researched
& Prepared by:
Guangzhou
CCM Chemicals Co., Ltd.
Guangzhou,
P. R. China
Updated
in November 2003
Copyright by Guangzhou CCM Chemicals Co., Ltd.
(P. R. China)
Any publication, distribution or copying of the
content in this report is prohibited.
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Content
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I |
Production & Market Information |
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I-1 |
5 |
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I-2 |
6 |
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I-3
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7 |
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I-3.1
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7 |
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I-3.2
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12 |
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I-4 |
Import & Export Analysis of Camphor in
2002 and First Half 2003 |
17 |
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I-4.1 |
18 |
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I-4.2 |
27 |
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30 |
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31 |
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II |
32 |
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II-1 |
32 |
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II-1.01 |
32 |
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II-1.02 |
33 |
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II-1.0-3 |
36 |
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II-1.04 |
37 |
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II-1.05 |
39 |
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II-1.06 |
40 |
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II-1.07 |
42 |
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II-1.08 |
44 |
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II-2 |
46 |
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II-2.01 |
46 |
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II-2.02 |
47 |
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II-3 |
48 |
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II-3.01 |
48 |
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II-3.02 |
51 |
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II-3.03 |
52 |
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II-3.04 |
54 |
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II-4 |
56 |
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II-4.01 |
56 |
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II-4.02 |
56 |
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II-4.03 |
58 |
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II-4.04 |
59 |
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II-4.05 |
60 |
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II-4.06 |
61 |
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II-4.07 |
63 |
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II-4.08 |
64 |
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II-4.09 |
64 |
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Camphor is a traditional chemical and
strong item in China.
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By 2003, there are 8 active producers
in China.
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Many producers in Guangxi province has
been stopped in the recent years due to the slack market.
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The total capacity of synthetic camphor
and natural camphor by Oct 2003 is 23,200MTs/year and 2,380MTs, respectively.
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The export in 2002 for the two species
is 7,673MTs and 374MTs, respectively.
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The Chinese camphor is mainly exported
to Southeast Asia like Thailand, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, etc.
Methodology & Sources
…… (Omitted)
The
aim of this report is to provide basic understanding to the Chinese
manufacturers, production, export, consumption, etc.
Note:
In
calculating the capacity and production, the situation of those who stop
production is not considered in the present report.
Rate:
1USD=8.28RMB (in conversion of product price for
export: 1USD=9.375RMB)
I. Production &
Market Information
I-1
Introduction to Camphor
Some
properties of camphor:
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Formula: C10H16O
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Molecular weight: 152.24
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Melting point:
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Flashing point:
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Boiling point:
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Toxicology: GRAS FEMA 2230
Soluble to alcohol, ether, chloform, acetone, acetic acid,
essential oil, benzene.
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Product species:
ü
natural camphor extracted from camphor tree
ü
synthetic camphor made from pinene
Application:
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technical raw material
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plasticizer
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cellulose
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medicine industry
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anti-septic
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anti-worm
GB
standard: GB 2760—1996
FEMA dosage:
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ice cream products: 0.1mg/kg
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candy: 1.1-25mg/kg
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baked food: 11mg/kg
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flavors: 20mg/kg
I-2 Production of Camphor in the Past Years
China
began to produce synthetic camphor since 1958.
In
1980s, the production of camphor, synthetic camphor in particular, has been
5,500MTs ~ 7,000MTs per annum, accounting to about 44% of the world production.
In
1993, China issued a document to forbidden the production and sales of
naphthalene pill and encourage the usage of camphor pill. The production and
sales of camphor industry grew rapidly.
By
2003, the production capacity of synthetic camphor and natural is
23,200MTs/year and 2,380MTs/year, respectively. The production in 2002 is
claimed to be 15,800MTs and 1,080MTs, respectively. According to the claims
from the manufacturers, the export of synthetic camphor and natural camphor in
2002 is 11,810MTs and 437MTs, respectively. (We learnt from the China Customs
that the actual export in 2002 for the two species is 7,673MTs and 374MTs,
respectively. – CCM)
Table
I-2-1 Production of camphor in the past years
|
Year |
Production |
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1993 |
6,021 |
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1994 |
8,839 |
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1995 |
12,450 |
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1996 |
N/A |
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1997 |
N/A |
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1998 |
N/A |
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1999 |
N/A |
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2000 |
N/A |
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2001 |
N/A |
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2002 |
16,880* |
Note:
Based on the claims from Chinese manufacturers
I-3 Summary of Current Production Situation
I-3.1 Summary of Production
Situation of Camphor in 2003
Explanation:
…… (Omitted)
The present report focuses on the discussion of synthetic camphor.
Here we summarize the situation of synthetic camphor and natural camphor in
brief.
Findings:
I-
Synthetic camphor is a strong
stem in China.
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Standard
So
far there are the following standards of synthetic camphor in China: DAB6,
DAB8, DAB10, JP13, JP14, USP23, USP24, BP98, BP99, BP2000
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Production Pathway
Among
the Chinese manufacturers that we contacted, only Fujian Wuping Lvzhou Forest
Chemical Co., Ltd. use the hydration method. This is the patent from Nankai
University. It is reported that Guangdong Deqing Forest Chemicals also use this
method and the technology is from CAS Guangzhou. But we were told that this
factory uses the camphene pathway.
The
one step pathway (hydration pathway) is as follows:
1.
gum turpentine à 2. camphene à 3. iso borenol à synthetic camphor
All
the other Chinese manufacturers are using the camphene esterification pathway.
The
rout is roughly expressed as follows:
1.
Gum turpentine à 2. alpha pinene à 3. camphene à 4. borenyl acetate à 5. isoborenol à 6. synthetic camphor
In
the actual situation, glacial acetic acid is used from 4 à 5; while caustic soda is used
from 5à6.
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Seasonal Production
The
production of synthetic camphor are seasonal in China. Usually in the hot
weather like summer, the factory stop the production to lessen the danger
arousing from the production
property to the human bodies. While some large producers like Suzhou Synthetic
and Guangzhou Huangpu, they have taken good measures to protect the environment
and thus keep production all year around.
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Raw material supply
Of
the Chinese manufacturers of synthetic camphor, most start from the gum
turpentine and they purchase gum turpentine outside. Only some manufacturers in
Guangxi province claimed that the gum turpentine is captive supply.
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Market
Due
to the slack market recent years, some of manufacturers have been stopped. The
more details reason for each manufacturers has been disclosed in the later
part.
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Standards & Applications
Most
of Chinese products are DAB 6 and DAB 8 standard. They are welcome in Southeast
Asia.
Some domestic
synthetic camphor producers use it to make camphor pill, tablet, or medicine
(cardiotonic). Few of them are used as food or fragrance.
I-3.1.2
Summary of Active Producers of Synthetic Camphor
Table
I-
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No.
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Name |
Abbreviation |
Location |
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II-1.01 |
Jiangsu Suzhou Synthetic Chemical Co.,
Ltd. |
Suzhou Synthetic |
Jiangsu |
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II-1.02 |
Fujian Jianyang Green Pine chemical
Co., Ltd. |
Fujian Jianyang |
Fujian |
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II-1.03 |
Shanghai Huayuan Fine Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd. |
Shanghai Huayuan |
Shanghai |
|
II-1.04 |
Guangdong Guangzhou Huangpu Chemical
Factory |
Guangzhou Huangpu |